The Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation (OPRE) in the Administration for Children and Families contracted with Mathematica to develop measures that can inform pathways to quality, through the Assessing the Implementation and Cost of High Quality Early Care and Education (ECE-ICHQ) project. The ICHQ (pronounced I-check) measures capture (1) implementation of activities that can support quality in center-based early care and education settings serving children from birth to age 5 (not yet in kindergarten) and (2) the cost of providing care in these settings. The ICHQ implementation and cost measures are framed around five key functions of center operations: (1) Structural Supports for Instruction and Caregiving; (2) Instructional Planning, Coordination, and Child Assessment; (3) Center Administration and Planning; (4) Workforce Development; and (5) Child and Family Support. (author abstract)