This report outlines options for improving child care availability and affordability in light of the immense pluralism of American family life. At a high-level, a commitment to “child care pluralism” means policymakers should seek to: Dedicate funding to non-profit child care providers through grants, loans, and technical assistance, prioritizing care options embedded in a community context and meeting parents’ stated desires; Resist the temptation to pile quality-improvement mandates that bear an ambiguous relationship to long-term outcomes onto federal grants, and; Improve the functioning of the market for child care by creating incentives to increase supply, develop innovative funding models, and make careers in the sector more appealing. (author abstract)