A summary of findings from the trial of an initiative in children's centers in the United Kingdom to introduce Payment by Results (PbR), which bases program funding on the achievement of target outcomes, that examine the potential of various PbR target outcomes, local authorities' views on PbR, and local authorities' plans to develop PbR initiatives, based on a review of submissions by 9 authorities in the PbR trial, interviews with 15 authority representatives, and a presentation and discussion with 28 authority representatives