The Flying Start programme aims to improve outcomes for children in some of the most disadvantaged areas across Wales. This is done through providing four key Flying Start entitlements to children under four years old and their families: enhanced health visiting, parenting support, support for early language development (primarily in the form of Language and Play programmes) and free, high quality, part-time childcare for two to three year olds. This report is part of a series produced by Ipsos MORI and SQW for the national evaluation of Flying Start. It presents the results from the second wave of a longitudinal survey of families with children aged between two and four in Flying Start delivery areas and specially selected comparison areas. Between June 2012 and January 2013 2,116 parents (1,033 in Flying Start areas and 1,083 in selected comparison areas) were surveyed about parenting, the development of their child and any services their family had used whilst bringing up their child. An 'intention to treat' approach was taken meaning that families living in areas receiving Flying start funding were surveyed rather than those who were users of specific Flying Start services. The survey was designed to examine the difference that Flying Start has made for families i.e. the estimated impact of the programme. This was done by looking at domains where the programme was expected to have an impact (broadly categorised into service use outcomes, parent outcomes and child outcomes) by the time children who have access to Flying Start services reach the age of three. To estimate the impact of the programme, respondents in Flying Start areas were matched with respondents in the comparison group on a range of factors such as age, family size, education, type of housing, lone parent status and other socio-economic variables. (author abstract)