The primary purpose of this two-year research project was to develop an assessment tool to identify Head Start children with adjustment problems. The first objective was to develop a preschool version of the Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA), which assesses emotional and behavioral adjustment. The appropriateness of situations addressed on the ASCA was examined and new suggestions were considered for inclusion on the preschool version. The second objective was to examine the validity of the preschool measure for use in Head Start. Age and/or gender differences in Head Start children's problem behaviors were investigated. The final objective was to explore the usefulness of the measure in identifying at-risk children and determining effective interventions. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interviews, surveys, and focus group meetings.