In this paper, taking the education quality of rural preschool education institutions in Cang County of Hebei Province as the research object, and 20 kindergartens of different educational levels and certification standards in Cang County of Hebei Province as the research samples, five evaluation indexes---teacher-student interaction, curriculum, physical environment, health and safety, and nutrition and diet were constructed according to the evaluation standard of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC). A multivariate linear regression analysis evaluation model was built to evaluate the education quality of rural preschool education institutions in Cang County of Hebei Province according to the survey data. Through the data analysis, the problems of interscholastic unbalance of educational resource distribution and education quality, low literacy of teachers, unreasonable curriculum and unqualified private kindergarten in rural preschool education institutions in Cang County of Hebei Province were found, and the solutions of strengthening education resources, improving teacher qualification and teacher training systems, improving the treatment of teachers and strengthening quality supervision were put forward. (author abstract)