This literature review will summarize the empirical foundations for the BSC, and the outputs and outcomes of the BSC process documented in the literature. This paper first provides a grounding in improvement science literature, which can be used to guide the CCL Project in assessing the feasibility of BSC implementation in ECE settings. The review also provides background on quality improvement approaches used in ECE settings, along with an overview of the BSC model. The second half of the report provides an overview of the outputs and outcomes identified from prior studies of the BSC. The report closes with a brief synthesis of considerations for next steps for the CCL Project. This report is organized as follows: I. The Need for New Approaches to Quality Improvement in Early Care and Education Settings II. Overview of Improvement Science III. Overview of the Breakthrough Series Collaborative IV. A Review of the Literature: BSC Outputs and Outcomes V. Considerations for the CCL Project Next Steps VI. Conclusion (author abstract)