Thirty-six years have passed, and in 2019, the nation is still at risk. Children are not on equal footing as they enter kindergarten, and children of color, as well as children living in poverty, are more likely to fall behind. Drawing on the explosion of research over the last two decades on how children develop, this brief serves as an update to the commission's report. It highlights the need for a new shared vision and for a public commitment to ensure all children have positive, high-quality early learning experiences. (author abstract)