The Child Care and Development Block Grant (CCDBG) Act of 2014 and the Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) Program final rule (2016) require states and territories to have health and safety requirements in 11 different topic areas, as well as preservice and ongoing training on those topics, for all providers that receive payments from the CCDF subsidy program. This brief, one in a series, provides an overview of the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Licensing and CCDF Administrators may find the brief helpful as they consider revisions to state standards for both licensed and license-exempt providers. It may also be of value to early childhood and school-age care programs and family child care providers, helping them understand and improve the health and safety of their learning environments. (author abstract)