This report aims to provide a current picture of the afterschool and summer program experience for children and families in rural America, using data from the most recent America After 3PM study. Building off findings from the previous 2009 and 2014 America After 3PM studies, Spiking Demand, Growing Barriers: The Trends Shaping Afterschool and Summer Learning in Rural Communities investigates whether the afterschool and summer landscape in rural communities has changed over time, compares and contrasts rural parents’ perceptions of afterschool programs now and then, and discusses what lessons can be drawn from the findings to help increase access to afterschool and summer programs in rural communities. (author abstract)