This study aimed to find out which type of parenting programme would best improve the longer-term social behaviour and reading skills of young children at risk of poor outcomes due to antisocial behaviour. Background Three factors that reliably predispose children to underachieve and become socially excluded in childhood with enduring effects into adulthood are (1) experiencing suboptimal parenting, such as lack of praise and encouragement, being subject to overly harsh, inconsistent discipline (2) behaving disruptively and (3) being a poor reader. Early intervention in the form of parenting programmes delivered when children are in the initial stages of school may help. However, it is not known whether it is better for programmes to help parents support their children's behaviour, reading, or both. The original Helping Children Achieve (HCA) trial -- funded by the Department for Education - set out to answer this in the short-term, 9-11 months after the trial began and indicated promising results. But we wanted to see if these were sustained beyond the first year, and were delighted that the Nuffield Foundation awarded us grant-funding for a follow-up study when the children were 7-9 years old. This report summarises the findings from the original trial study and then reports the new findings a year later, two years after the trial began. (author abstract)