On October 12-13, 2017, the Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation (OPRE) in the Administration for Children and Families (ACF) of the US Department of Health and Human Services convened a meeting, Defining and Measuring Early Care and Education Program Leadership, in Washington, D.C. This meeting brought together experts from various sectors (academia, research firms, government, and technical assistance) to discuss the role of leadership and organizational functioning in supporting quality early care and education (ECE) services. We sought to advance the state of research on ECE leadership by building a dialogue with the K-12 education field and learning from K-12 research in this area. This document includes a brief overview of the key ideas that emerged during the one-and-one-half day discussion, followed by the attendee list, the agenda, and detailed meeting notes.