The goal of this research is to compare curricular expectations regarding caring behaviour in the USA and Turkey and to analyse the practical implication by investigating boys' and girls' caring behaviour. Conceptual framework of this research is underpinned in philosophical ideals of ethics of care and is grounded in theories stressing the importance of culture in child's development; sociocognitive theory, cultural context theory and ecological theory Brofenbrenner. The study focuses on fifteen specific behaviours defined as caring. The subjects of the studies were three- and four-year-old preschool children attending University Laboratory schools in the USA and Turkey. Children were observed for 30 hours in a period of 3 months. The results of the research demonstrated differences in caring behaviours related to gender but relatively small differences related to curricular expectations and culture. (author abstract)