This brief outlines and compares 17 selected Federal early childhood programs, some of which are dedicated exclusively to early childhood education (ECE) and/or child care, and others for which ECE or child care is an allowable use. The exclusive programs are 1) Head Start, 2) the Child Care and Development Fund, 3) Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV), 4) Preschool Development Grants (PDG), 5) IDEA Grants for Infants and Families, 6) IDEA Preschool Grants, and 7) Child Care Access Means Parents in School (CCAMPIS). The programs for which ECE and/or child care is an allowable use are 1) Title I Grants to Local Education Agencies (LEAs), 2) Student Support and Academic Enrichment (Title IV) Grants, 3) Promise Neighborhoods, 4) Indian Education Grants to LEAs, 5) Comprehensive Literacy Development Grants, 6) Supporting Effective Instruction (Title II) State Grants 7) Social Services Block Grant (SSBG), 8) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), 9) Family and Child Education (FACE), and 10) the Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP).