This report presents the findings of ERO's review of literacy teaching and learning in early childhood services. It includes information about how services value and promote literacy, what literacy teaching and learning is occurring in early childhood services, and how services know if literacy practices and outcomes for children have improved. The intent of the evaluation is to generate insights and understanding of literacy teaching and learning in early childhood education. This can then be used for improving and refining literacy programmes in early childhood services, and across the education sector as a whole (Chelimsky & Shadish, 1997; Patton, 1997). (author abstract)